Remote working and deductions
Working remotely may cause you expenses that are deductible in taxation. These include your expenses caused by using a remote workspace, expenses paid for tools and for a data connection. Working remotely means an arrangement in which you and your employer have agreed that you will work at least some of the time remotely from your home or other workspace you have acquired.
Expenses for the production of income
If you receive wage income, you are automatically granted a €750 deduction for the production of income. If you have more expenses than this, you can report them as expenses for the production of income on your tax return.
The following can be deducted as expenses for the production of income:
- workspace deduction (you have 2 alternative options: either the standard deduction based on a formula or a deduction based on actual cost – you cannot have both)
- the expenses related to your tools (such as a computer workstation or its display)
- the expenses you paid for the data connection, either fully or in part
See special guidance: Working from home for a foreign employer
Look up the amounts of the deductions
When you work from home, you can make a workspace deduction. You can claim one of the following:
A. standard workspace deduction
B. actual costs caused by your use of the remote workspace.
In other words, you cannot claim both deductions on your tax return.
A. Standard workspace deduction
You can claim the standard workspace deduction even if you do not have a separate workspace that you use as your office. You do not have to specify the expenses. The amount of the workspace deduction depends on the number of days you work remotely.
The standard workspace deduction covers all expenses related to your working from home. The standard deduction therefore also covers the cost of furniture, such as an office chair or a desk. If you claim the standard deduction, you cannot claim your expenses for office furniture separately.
If two spouses both work from home in their shared home where they live together, both can claim the formula-based deduction – see table below.
| Number of days of remote work |
Standard workspace deduction in 2023 tax assessment |
|---|---|
| If you work from home more than 50% of the total number of work days in a calendar year | €940 |
| If you work from home no more than 50% of the total number of work days in a calendar year | €470 |
| If you work from home occasionally | €235 |
Example 1: Olli works from home for more than half of the working days during the year. He has also bought an office chair for €200. Olli can deduct €940, the standard workspace deduction, as expenses for the production of income. The amount also covers furniture, so Olli cannot claim a deduction for the office chair. Because the expenses for the production of income exceed the automatic deduction for the production of income (€750), €940 will be deducted from Olli’s wage income.
Example 2: Anu works from home for less than half of her work days during the year. She is entitled to the standard workspace deduction and can deduct €460 as expenses for the production of income in her tax assessment. However, if Anu does not have any other expenses for the production of income, she does not need to claim the deduction, because €750 will be automatically deducted from her wage income as the deduction for the production of income.
B. Deduction based on actual expenses
If you work from home for a substantial portion of your working time, you can claim a deduction for the actual expenses caused by the fact that you work in the remote workspace, instead of claiming the standard workspace deduction. Deductible expenses may include office furniture as well as rental and heating costs relating to the home office. If you deduct the actual expenses, you must be able to specify your claim and present receipts if so requested.
Note that your and your family's living expenses are not deductible as actual expenses. Non-deductible living expenses include, for example, home loan repayments, interest and other loan expenses. Non-deductible living expenses also include expenses incurred from living, such as waste management and real estate management expenses, chimney sweeping expenses, insurance premiums, and water and storm water charges. As a rule, the home office’s renovation costs are also non-deductible.
A desk and a desk chair are typical pieces of furniture in a workspace.
If you purchase the furniture yourself and use it mainly for work, you can deduct its price and any repair costs as expenses for the production of income.
- If during 2023, the price you paid was no more than €1,200 per piece of furniture, you can claim the entire cost during the year of purchase.
- If the price was over €1,200, deduct 25% of it every year as depreciation.
If the two spouses, who both work from home in their shared home, claim the actual expenses instead of the above, the deductible sums are distributed between the spouses based on an account presented by them.
The tools can include your computer, monitor and keyboard, for example.
If you purchase the tools yourself and use them mainly for work, you can deduct their purchase and repair costs as expenses for the production of income.
- If during 2023, the price you paid was no more than €1,200 per tool, you can claim the tool’s entire cost
- If the price was over €1,200, deduct 25% according to the deduction rules for depreciation.
If you borrow tools from your employer, i.e. your employer still owns them, you are not receiving a taxable benefit.
If your employer buys you tools that you can then keep as your own, you are considered to have received an added amount of taxable wages – the market value of the tools – which your employer will include in the reports to the Incomes Register.
Example 3: Minna works from home on a regular basis, for less than half of her total work days. Accordingly, she is entitled to a deduction of €470. She has also purchased a monitor and a keyboard for work purposes. They cost €200 in total. The employer has provided Minna with a laptop, mouse and headset.
Minna’s expenses for the production of income consist of the acquisition cost of the monitor and the keyboard as well as her workspace deduction, which amount to €670 in total. Minna does not need to claim these expenses, because she will automatically receive the €750 deduction for the production of income.
You have acquired the data connection yourself
If you have acquired a data connection (e.g. broadband) yourself, you can deduct it as expenses for the production of income. The deductible amount is
50% of the fees if you use it partly for work
100% of the data connection fees if you use the connection mainly for work.
If two spouses share the data connection when they pursue activities for the production of income, they must use half of the percentages above.
If your employer reimburses you the costs of a data connection that you have acquired yourself, the reimbursement is taxable income regardless of whether the connection is in work use or private use. You can deduct the portion of the costs relating to work use on your tax return, if your total amount of expenses for the production of income is more than €750.
Your employer has acquired the data connection for you
If your employer provides you with a data connection for work purposes, you do not have to pay tax on it regardless of whether the connection is in work use or private use.
Commuting expenses
If you work remotely for part of the week, you can deduct commuting expenses only for the days when you actually go to your workplace. Check your pre-completed tax return to make sure the commuting expenses correspond to your actual commuting expenses in 2023. Correct the information if necessary.
The personal liability threshold for commuting expenses is €750. Report your commuting expenses only if they exceed €750. Claim the expenses based on the least expensive means of transport. A monthly pass for public transport may be the least expensive option even if you work remotely part of the week.
In the tax return for 2023, you can no longer deduct expenses for the purchase of face masks for work-related travel.
Example 4. Risto lives in Lahti. Between 1 January and 15 March 2023, he commuted to his office in Helsinki almost every day. From 16 March 2023 until the end of 2023, he worked primarily from home. However, starting September 2023, he commuted to Helsinki every now and then, approximately once a week. In this case, the least expensive means of transport for Risto was a monthly pass for a period of 3 months (January–March). In addition, Risto can deduct his actual commuting expenses between September and December, calculated based on the price of a single ticket.
How to report the deductions on your tax return
Note: If you have already filed commuting expenses or expenses for the production of income for your tax card, for example, you can see and correct them in MyTax under the Pre-completed income and deductions stage of the tax return. If the details are not pre-completed on the tax return, submit them in the Other deductions stage.
| Deduction | How to claim the deductible expenses |
|---|---|
| Workspace deduction |
|
| Work tools, such as monitor and keyboard |
|
| Data connections |
|
| Travel expenses |
|
Frequently asked questions
You will both qualify for the same standard workspace deduction that you would be entitled to if you worked from home. The amount of the standard workspace deduction depends on the total number of days worked remotely.
No deductions can be granted that are based on individual employees’ customised arrangements regarding work, such as a rented cottage and workspace in Lapland. These expenses are not accepted as expenses for the production of income. However, the days worked in Lapland can be included in the total count of days worked remotely for purposes of the formula-based workspace deduction.
Days that you work remotely are regular domestic work days, which means that you can use any meal benefits offered by your employer, such as lunch vouchers or electronic payment methods, as normal.
If your holiday home is further away from your workplace than your permanent home, you can deduct the expenses calculated according to the cheapest method of transportation between your permanent home and your workplace.
If your holiday home is closer to your workplace than your permanent home, you can deduct the expenses calculated according to the cheapest method of transportation between your holiday home and your workplace.
In other words, the deductible expenses for travel between your holiday home and workplace can never be greater than the commuting expenses between your permanent home and workplace.
Your family situation affects what kind of travel expenses you can deduct.
In tax assessment, you are treated as having a family if
- you are married or in a registered partnership
- you live together with a partner with whom you have or have had a child
- you are a single parent and you live with your children who are under 18, or you have joint custody over children under 18 and they live with you part of the time.
In addition to your home, you own or rent an apartment near to your place of work
-
If you have a family, you can deduct the expenses for travel between your home and workplace, as well as your second home for work and workplace. Enter them in Commuting expenses, assuming the least expensive mode of transportation. In addition, the "deduction for a second home due to work" may be available to you if the second home is a rented one and all the requirements are fulfilled (see Deduction for a second home (Työasuntovähennys, guidance available in Finnish and Swedish).
- If you do not have a family and you have two homes, the one closer to your workplace is considered your permanent home for tax purposes. You can only deduct the expenses for commuting between this home and your workplace. Expenses for travel from other places are not deductible.
You stay at a hotel or at your friends or family
You can deduct the expenses for travel between your home and workplace as well as between your hotel and workplace as commuting expenses. You cannot deduct the cost of the accommodation because you are on commute, not on a business trip.
Read more in the chapter 2.3 of the TTax Administration guidance for the deduction of travel expenses in wage earner’s taxation (available in Finnish and Swedish, link to Finnish)
The full amount (€940) of the standard deduction requires that the individual employee has worked remotely for more than half of the business days of the entire year. As you describe your circumstances, you only worked 6 months, with more than half of the days of those months working from home.
Accordingly, you can deduct €470 because your total days worked remotely are less than half of the business days of the entire year.
No, you are not entitled to the deduction if you pay no expenses relating to your remote work – i.e. if your parents pay your accommodation costs.
If you borrow furniture from your employer, i.e. your employer still owns the furniture, you are not considered to have received a taxable benefit.
If your employer buys you furniture that you can then keep as your own, you are considered to have received an amount equal to the fair market value of the furniture as wages. Your employer reports this amount to the Incomes Register.