The reporting of crypto-asset transactions will change in spring 2027

Since the start of the current tax year 2026, the Tax Administration has access to third-party data on crypto asset trading, and the scope of the received information is wider than before. The third parties provide more data for tax-assessment purposes than previously, both from other countries and from Finland. A more efficient mechanism of international information exchange is now in place.  The number of participant countries in the exchange of information is more than 70, including not only countries but also certain jurisdictions.  

The Finnish third parties collect the data in such a way that capital gains can be calculated and consequently, taxes assessed. The pre-completed tax return for spring 2027 will, for the first time, contain pre-filled amounts of capital gains and capital losses resulting from the trading that individual taxpayers and estates of deceased individuals are conducting this year. 

Crypto asset users must file their information when submitting the tax return 

If an individual taxpayer had been a customer of a Finnish crypto asset service provider, the taxpayer’s pre-completed tax return arriving in spring 2027 will show the capital gains or losses. Although the third-party providers will have furnished the Tax Administration with the data, the individual taxpayer is still under a duty to check their pre-completed return carefully, making sure the information is correct. If necessary, the taxpayer will also need to make corrections or add more data.  It is likely that the costs of acquisition will not always be included in the forthcoming pre-completed tax returns. This means that when the purchase price of the crypto asset is unknown, the Tax Administration will apply the deemed-cost method in order to calculate the size of the individual taxpayers gains subject to taxation.

If the taxpayer had used the services of a crypto asset service provider established outside of Finland, the pre-completed return will not yet include the capital gain or loss amounts in spring 2027. As a result, it is the responsibility of each taxpayer to fill in the pre-completed tax return fully, to declare all the capital gains and losses that had resulted from their trading and to also declare all the other items of income relating to using or exchanging crypto assets. In spring 2027, taxpayers will for the first time have the option to submit a .csv file in MyTax containing the required income information. This will make tax-return filing less cumbersome. 

The Tax Administration will receive the trading-related data records originating from the foreign crypto asset service providers some time later. The data records will be used for various tax control purposes at that time. 

A new information-reporting requirement is introduced 

Crypto asset service providers reporting to Finland have, since January 2026, collected information on service users and their purchases, sales and transfers of crypto assets. The collected data covers both Finnish and non-Finnish users.

Crypto asset service providers must submit annual returns containing these data records to the Tax Administration for the first time in 2027. The name of the annual information return is “Reporting crypto asset service provider’s annual information return (CARF/DAC8)”. The required data on the transactions such as exchanges and transfers needs to be reported as total amounts per year, and total amounts per crypto asset.

Finland will send information concerning the foreign users of the Finnish crypto asset service providers’ services to the country of residence of each user.   In the same way, the crypto asset service providers that file reports to a country other than Finland will send information on individuals or companies that reside in Finland and use the foreign crypto asset service provider’s service. 

The international information exchange is one of the components of the Crypto Asset Reporting Framework, or CARF, developed by the OECD: more than 70 states and jurisdictions have already committed themselves to automated information exchange in accordance with the framework. Information exchange between EU Member States will be effected by amending the DAC8 directive to conform to CARF. 

The crypto asset service providers that submit reports to Finland have the additional requirement to provide the Tax Administration with an Annual information return on disposals of crypto assets and on crypto income transactions (FICARF) The tax authority will utilise the FICARF data for capital gains calculations, calculations of capital losses, for determining any other crypto-asset income that Finnish-resident individuals and estates of deceased individuals had received during the year.

Further information

• Act on the Obligation of Reporting Crypto-Asset Service Providers to Provide Information in the Field of Taxation (1041/2025)
• Basic information about the taxation of crypto assets
• Detailed guidance: Taxation of crypto assets (available in Finnish and Swedish)
• The annual information return on disposals of crypto assets and on crypto income transactions (FICARF)
• Reporting crypto asset service provider’s annual information return (CARF/DAC8)