Reporting data to the Incomes Register: insurance-related data

The instructions describe how to report employer's and employee's social insurance contributions to the Incomes Register with an earnings payment report. These instructions are intended to be used by payers. They also describe how to report information when

• the income earner is not subject to Finnish social security
• the payer is not under an obligation to insure the income earner, for example if the amount of income paid falls below the threshold for insurance
• the type of income paid is not subject to social insurance contributions.

The instructions include examples of how to report different insurance information.

These instructions replace the earlier instructions titled Reporting data to the Incomes Register: insurance-related data. The following additions and changes have been made to the instructions:

• The lower limit of the accident and occupational disease insurance obligation and the unemployment insurance obligation will increase to €1,500 at the beginning of 2024. As a result, the changes required have been made in the text and the examples.
• In Section 1.2, new income types ‘366 Copyright royalties, earned income’ and ‘367 Stock grant paid in money’ have been added to the list of income types for which social insurance contributions may vary.
• Complemented the examples in Sections 1.3.2 and 6.2.
• Added new Section 3.5 (Reporting retirement).

Otherwise the instructions are similar in outline to the earlier instructions.

The amounts of the earnings-related pension and unemployment insurance contributions used in the examples of these instructions are at the 2023 level. The amounts valid in each year are presented on the insurance information page. The amount valid for employees under 53 years of age and employees over 62 years of age has been used as the amount of the employee’s earnings-related pension insurance contribution.

1 Reporting of insurance details

1.1 Employer's and employee's social insurance contributions

The employer must pay social insurance contributions for the wages paid and other payments made to employees. The employer's social insurance contributions are

• the employer's health insurance contribution
• the employer's unemployment insurance contribution
• the employer's earnings-related pension insurance contribution
• the accident and occupational disease insurance contribution
• the group life insurance premium required by the employment or public-sector employment contract.

The employee's social insurance contributions are

• the daily allowance contribution of health insurance
• the health care contribution of health insurance
• the employee's unemployment insurance contribution
• the employee's earnings-related pension insurance contribution.

The employer is obliged to pay both the employee's and the employer's social insurance contributions. The employer collects the employee's share of the contributions from the wages paid to the employee and forwards the contributions to the party in charge of managing the social insurance. The employer need not pay and collect these contributions only if the income earner is not subject to social security in Finland, the payer is not under an obligation to insure the income earner, or the type of income paid is not subject to social insurance contributions.

The payer is obliged to withhold tax from all income items subject to withholding. If the employee is insured in Finland, the withholding includes the employee's health insurance contribution.

The insurance process in situations involving a substitute payer is described in the instructions Reporting data to the Incomes Register: payments made by substitute payer.

1.2 Social insurance contributions may vary between income types

The employer reports the payments made to the Incomes Register based on the income types. Each income type has a default for the payment of social insurance contributions. If the income is paid according to the default, the employer will not have to specially determine the social insurance contributions when submitting the report.

For certain income types, depending on the situation, the basis for social insurance contributions may be different even if the payer is the same. For example, the basis for the payment of social insurance contribution may be whether the recipient of the payment is in an employment relationship or not. The social insurance contributions may vary for the following income types:

• initiative fee (202)
• compensation for membership of a governing body (308)
• monetary gift for employees (310)
• kilometre allowance (taxable) (209)
• meeting fee (210)
• lecture fee (214)
• compensation for acting in a position of trust (215)
• reimbursement collected for other fringe benefits (407)
• other taxable benefit for employees (315)
• other fringe benefit (317)
• other compensation (216)
• stock options and grants (320)
• total wages (101)
• compensation for employee invention (326)
• private caretaker's fee (328)
• tax-exempt share of bicycle benefit (363)
• stock grant paid in money (367)
• partial pay during sick leave (219)
• copyright royalties, earned income (366)
• non-wage compensation for work (336)
• employer-subsidised commuter ticket, tax-exempt share (341)
• share issue for employees (226)
• profit-sharing bonus (233)
• wages for insurance purposes (352), and
• deduction before withholding (419).

The default for the listed income types is that they are subject to some or all of the social insurance contributions, or that they are not subject to any social insurance contributions. The page Wage income types has information on which social insurance contributions are the default for which income type. In addition, the situations in which the social insurance contributions for the above income types may vary are described separately for each income type.

If the payment reported under the income type differs from the default, the employer selects Yes or No for Type of insurance information, according to which type of income is the grounds for the insurance contribution. The employer may use all the types of insurance information listed in Section 1.3. If the income is paid according to the default, the information on social insurance contributions does not need to be separately confirmed.

1.3 Type of insurance information

Type of insurance information always applies to a single income type. It can be used to change the default according to which the social insurance contributions for an individual income type are determined. When the insurance information of a payment reported using an income type differs from the default value, the payer must report the Type of insurance information and select the social insurance contribution that needs to be changed. The Type of insurance information is given separately for all the income types concerned.

The types of insurance information to be reported to the Incomes Register:

• Subject to social insurance contributions (all social insurance contributions)
• Subject to earnings-related pension insurance contribution
• Subject to health insurance contribution
• Subject to unemployment insurance contribution
• Subject to accident insurance and occupational disease insurance contribution

The alternative 'Subject to social insurance contribution' covers all social insurance contributions of both the employer and the employee. The alternatives 'Subject to earnings-related pension insurance contribution', 'Subject to health insurance contribution', and 'Subject to unemployment insurance contribution' cover both the employer's and the employee's contributions.

If the payment is made according to the default income type, the payer does not have to report any information on social insurance contributions.

If the income type is by default not subject to social insurance contributions but the payment to be made is subject to all social insurance contributions:

• Use the Type of insurance information 'Subject to social insurance contributions – Grounds for insurance contribution: Yes'.
• This eliminates the need to separately confirm the information for all of the different social insurance contributions.

If the income type is by default subject to social insurance contribution but the payment to be made has no parts that are subject to social insurance contributions:

• Use the Type of insurance information 'Subject to social insurance contributions – Grounds for insurance contribution: No’.
• This eliminates the need to separately confirm the information for all of the different social insurance contributions.

If only one of the payment's social insurance contributions differs from the default, the Type of insurance information of the social insurance contribution concerned must be used.

For example, if the payment to be made is not subject to a health insurance contribution in contrast to the default of the income type, but the other contributions are in accordance with the default:

• With the income type, use the Type of insurance information 'Subject to health insurance contributions – Grounds for insurance contribution: No’.

Correspondingly, if the payment to be made is, for example, subject to earnings-related pension insurance contribution and the income type is, by default, not subject to earnings-related pension insurance contributions, but the other contributions are in accordance with the default:

• With the income type, use the Type of insurance information 'Subject to earnings-related pension insurance contributions – Grounds for insurance contribution: Yes'.

If only a certain portion of the payment is made in contrast to the default income type, the data must be given separately for the income types for which social insurance contributions are paid according to the default and those income types which differ from the default.

1.3.1 Reporting Reimbursement collected for other fringe benefits

The share of the value of a fringe benefit, which is collected from the employee, is reported using the income type Reimbursement collected for other fringe benefits (407). In this section, report the amount collected from the employee for fringe benefits other than a car benefit, bicycle benefit or employer-subsidised commuter ticket benefit.

The amount of the fringe benefit is reported in full using the appropriate income type. The deductible collected from an employee is reported using the income type Reimbursement collected for other fringe benefits. If the reimbursement collected for a meal benefit equals the taxable value, the collected reimbursement is not reported using the income type Reimbursement collected for other fringe benefits. In this case, only the data Reimbursement for meal benefit corresponds to the taxable value – Yes is reported. The employer may collect the reimbursement for fringe benefits from the net wages of the employee.

If the fringe benefit reported with the income type Other fringe benefit (317) is not subject to social insurance contributions and the payer has reported this by using the Type of insurance information data group, the equivalent Type of insurance information data must also be added to the income type Reimbursement collected for other fringe benefits, insofar as the collected reimbursement concerns the share of the benefit which is not subject to social insurance contributions.

Even though the income type, by default, is not subject to social insurance contributions, the payer must confirm the data in the report as described above. This ensures that the Income Register's data users will obtain the correct data.

1.3.2 Insurance information of the income type Deduction before withholding (419)

If the income earner has incurred direct expenses from performing work, the payer can deduct the share of the expenses from the gross wages before withholding taxes. If the payer makes the deduction from income that is not subject to social insurance contributions, the payer must submit the Type of insurance information entry for the Deduction before withholding income type. The default for the Deduction before withholding income type is that it is not subject to social insurance contributions. Regardless of this, the payer must provide the Type of insurance information entry (Subject to social insurance contributions: No) if the deduction is made from income that is not subject to social insurance contributions.

If a single transaction includes the payment of wages subject to social insurance contributions and such wages in accordance with section 13 of the tax prepayment act (ennakkoperintälaki 1118/1996) on which social insurance contributions are not based, and expenses which are deducted before withholding are allocated to either income, the payer must specify the Type of insurance information. This allows the deduction to be allocated to the correct income type. If the income from which the deduction was made was not subject to some individual social insurance contribution, such as the unemployment insurance contribution, the payer only needs to confirm that there was no obligation to provide this particular insurance.

If, in a single transaction, the payer deducts expenses from income subject to social insurance contributions and income from which no social insurance contributions are paid, the payer must report the deductions separately. Type of insurance information (Subject to social insurance contributions: No) must be specified for the deduction made from income from which no social insurance contributions are paid.

If the deduction before withholding is made from income subject to all social insurance contributions, the payer does not need to specify the Types of insurance information unless the payer also pays some other income not subject to social insurance contributions in the same transaction.

2 Reporting of health insurance details

Employee's health insurance contribution

The employee's health insurance contribution includes the health insurance daily allowance contribution and the health insurance medical care contribution. By paying the daily allowance contribution, the employee participates in financing the earned income insurance and by paying the health care contribution to financing the health insurance.

The employee's health insurance contribution is included in the income earner's withholding tax or, alternatively, the Tax Administration collects it in connection with tax prepayment on the basis of the income types reported to the Incomes Register. In the above cases, the employer does not separately report the employee's health insurance contribution to the Incomes Register.

If the employee is a non-resident for tax purposes in Finland and the wage income they earn is subject to tax at source, the employer must collect the health insurance contribution from the pay and report it to the Incomes Register separately under the income type 'Employee's health insurance contribution' in addition to tax at source. The employer makes the payment to the Tax Administration. These types of situations are described in more detail in the instructions Reporting data to the Incomes Register: international situations, in Section 2.6.1.2.

The Tax Administration forwards the payments to the health insurance fund administered by Kela. The amounts of the contributions are confirmed annually by Government decree.

The employee's obligation to pay daily allowance contributions of health insurance begins after the month during which they turn 16 years of age and ends at the end of the month during which they turn 68 years of age. The employee's age does not affect the health care contribution of health insurance; it is collected from everyone.

Employer's health insurance contribution

The employer's health insurance contribution is determined based on the pay subject to health insurance contributions paid to insured employees. By paying the contribution, the employer participates in financing the compensations paid from the health insurance fund. The employer reports the total amount of the employer's health insurance contribution the employer has calculated and the deductions to be made on the employer's health insurance contribution to the Incomes Register on the employer's separate report. The employer makes the payment to the Tax Administration.

The Tax Administration forwards the employer's health insurance contribution to the health insurance fund administered by Kela. The amount of the contribution is confirmed annually by Government decree.

The employer's obligation to pay health insurance contributions begins after the month during which the employee turns 16 years of age and ends at the end of the month during which the employee turns 68 years of age.

The employee's and employer's health insurance contributions are determined on the basis of the income types reported to the Incomes Register. Section 1.3 has a list of the income types in which the payer can change the control rule for the social insurance contribution.

The exceptions to insurance are described in Section 6.

3 Reporting of earnings-related pension insurance details

The employee's and employer's earnings-related pension insurance contributions are determined based on the wages subject to the earnings-related pension insurance contribution. By paying earnings-related pension insurance contributions, the employee and the employer participate in financing the earnings-related pension insurance.

The employer pays the authorised earnings-related pension provider a total amount which includes both the employer's earnings-related pension insurance contribution and the employee's earnings-related pension insurance contribution. Of these, only the employee's share is reported to the Incomes Register as an item deductible from pay (a separately reported income type 413). The employer's contributions are calculated by the insurance provider based on the reported income types.

Income earner's earnings-related pension insurance information

The payer must report the earnings-related pension insurance under which the income earner is insured:

• Employee's earnings-related pension insurance
• Pension insurance for farmers (MYEL)
• Pension insurance for the self-employed (YEL).

Only one earnings-related pension insurance information can be reported for the income earner in the same earnings payment report.

Employee's earnings-related pension insurance is selected if the income earner is insured under the following legislation

• Employees Pensions Act (TyEL 395/2006)
• public sector pensions act (julkisten alojen eläkelaki (JuEL) 81/2016)
• seafarers' pensions act (merimieseläkelaki (MEL) 1290/2006)
• act on the Orthodox Church (laki ortodoksisesta kirkosta 985/2006)
• a pension rule in accordance with the act on the Bank of Finland (laki Suomen Pankista 214/1998)
• a pension rule in accordance with the provincial law of the Åland Islands (ÅFS 54/2007).

MYEL is selected if the income earner is insured under the farmers' pensions act (maatalousyrittäjän eläkelaki 1280/2006).

YEL is selected if the income earner is insured under the self-employed persons' pensions act (yrittäjän eläkelaki 1272/2006).

If the income earner is insured under MYEL or YEL the payer must report 'MYEL' or 'YEL' on each earnings payment report. No other earnings-related pension insurance information must be given, otherwise the data users of the Incomes Register will handle the income data twice and this may result in double payments being imposed.

Pension provider code

If the income earner has earnings-related pension insurance, the payer must provide the pension provider code on the earnings payment report. Codes for authorised earnings-related pension providers:

10 Finnish Centre for Pensions
16 Pension fund for priests of the Orthodox Church
20 Keva member organisations
24 Keva – Åland landskapsregerings pensionssystem
25 Keva – church
27 Bank of Finland
29 Keva – Kela employment pensions
30 Keva – state
34 Seafarers’ Pension Fund
35 Farmers’ Social Insurance Institution
46 Ilmarinen Mutual Pension Insurance Company
54 Elo Mutual Pension Insurance Company
55 Varma Mutual Pension Insurance Company
56 Veritas Pension Insurance Company
70014 UPM Sellutehtaiden eläkesäätiö
70047 Sanoman Eläkesäätiö
70072 Sandvik Eläkesäätiö
70076 Kontinon yhteiseläkesäätiö
70078 Yleisradion eläkesäätiö
70088 ABB Eläkesäätiö
70093 L-Fashion Group Oy:n eläkesäätiö
70109 Honeywell Oy:n Henkilökunnan Eläkesäätiö
70199 Telian Eläkesäätiö
70200 Yara Suomen Eläkesäätiö
70202 Orionin Eläkesäätiö
80001 Valion Eläkekassa
80005 OP-Eläkekassa
80008 Eläkekassa Verso
80009 Apteekkien Eläkekassa
80012 Liikennepalvelualojen Eläkekassa Viabek
80014 Reka Eläkekassa

Pension policy number

If the income earner has earnings-related pension insurance, the payer must give the pension policy number in the earnings payment report. Do not report the pension policy number if the income earner has pension insurance under the farmers' pensions act (MYEL) or the self-employed persons' pensions act (YEL).

The pension policy number is 11 characters long and must be reported in full. If there are less than 11 characters, the required number of zeros must be added after the hyphen (e.g. 46-00123456).

3.1 Employees Pensions Act (TyEL)

According to the Employees Pensions Act, the employer is obligated to insure all of its employees between 17 and 68 years of age, whose income exceeds the threshold set for the obligation to insure (in 2024: EUR 68,57/month). The employer may also insure an employee whose income falls below the threshold. Information on earnings-related pension insurance contributions is available on the website of the Finnish Pension Alliance TELA at tela.fi. The obligation to provide insurance begins after the month during which the employee turns 17 years of age. The upper age limit of the insurance obligation increases in steps. For persons born in 1957 or earlier, the upper age limit of the insurance obligation is 68 years, for persons born in 1958–61 it is 69 years, and for persons born after that it is 70 years. The obligation to provide insurance ends at the end of the month during which the employee reaches the age in question.

The payer enters 'Employee's earnings-related pension insurance (TyEL)' as the pension insurance data on the Incomes Register's earnings payment report.

The pension insurance data is not reported, if the income earner is not insured in Finland. In such a case, the Type of exception to insurance information of the 'Other insurance details' data group that must be used is: 'Not subject to Finnish social security (earnings-related pension insurance)'. Correspondingly, if the payer is not under obligation to provide insurance to the income earner, the payer reports the Type of exception to insurance "No obligation to provide insurance (earnings-related pension insurance)". Exceptions are described in more detail in Section 6.

The income types of payments to be reported to the Incomes Register are described on the page Wage income types and in the document ‘Wages – Codes – Income types’ (on the page Documentation). They can be used to check whether the income type in question The income is subject to earnings-related pension insurance contribution by default (Yes). If the income type is subject to earnings-related pension insurance contribution, information on the earnings-related pension insurance, such as the pension policy number, must also always be reported.

3.2 Public sector pensions act

According to the public sector pensions act (julkisten alojen eläkelaki 81/2016), the employer is obligated to insure all of its employees between 17 and 68 years of age. In addition to employment and public-service employment relationships, assignments, positions of trust, and the tasks of carers and family carers are also employment relationships under the public sector pensions act. No lower wage limit (in euros) has been set in the public sector pensions act for the insurance obligation; all income earners must be insured irrespective of how much they earn and, as a result, the reporting obligation also applies to all income. The upper age limit of the insurance obligation increases in steps under the public sector pensions act in the same way it does under the Employees Pensions Act (see Section 3.1).

The payer enters 'Employee's earnings-related pension insurance' as pension insurance data on the Incomes Register's earnings payment report.

The pension insurance data is not reported, if the income earner is not insured in Finland. In such a case, the Type of exception to insurance information of the 'Insurance exceptions' data group that must be used is: 'Not subject to Finnish social security (earnings-related pension insurance)'. Exceptions are described in more detail in Section 6.2.

Although the insurance obligation usually ends at age 68, the employment relationships details and insurance details of employees aged over 68 are also reported to the Incomes Register in the following cases:

• The income earner is a minister, a member of the parliament, or a member of the European Parliament.
• The employment relationships of persons born before 1 January 1940, who are covered by the municipal pension coverage under the public sector pensions act, are entitled to pension without the 68 years age limit for as long as the employment relationship continues uninterrupted. Another condition is that the uninterrupted period of employment began before the person's 65th birthday.

The income types of payments to be reported to the Incomes Register are described on the page Wage income types and in the document ‘Wages – Codes – Income types’ (on the page Documentation). They can be used to check whether the income type in question is subject to earnings-related pension insurance contribution by default (Yes).If the income type is subject to an earnings-related pension insurance contribution, information on the data group 'Earnings-related pension insurance', such as the pension policy number, must also always be reported.

There are differences between the earnings-related pension insurance practices of the public sector pensions act and the Employees Pensions Act, for example, with regard to meeting fees, lecture fees, and positions of trust.

3.3 Self-employed person's pensions act (YEL)

A self-employed person is a person who is gainfully employed without being in an employment relationship, thus meeting the criteria for the gainful employment in question referred to in the relevant legislation. Self-employed persons are responsible for arranging their own pension insurance. Self-employed persons insure their operations under the self-employed persons' pensions act (yrittäjän eläkelaki (YEL) 1272/2006). YEL pension insurance is mandatory when the self-employed person meets the conditions of insuring referred to in the self-employed persons’ pensions act. YEL pension insurance must be taken out within six months of setting up a business. More information on the insurance obligation of self-employed persons is available in Finnish on the following website, on matters relating to earnings-related pensions legislation: tyoelakelakipalvelu.fi.

The pension provider confirms the self-employed person's earned income under YEL, which must correspond to the self-employed person's work input. The minimum limit for earned income under YEL is EUR 9010,28 a year (in 2024) and the maximum limit is EUR 204625 a year (in 2024). More information on the limits for pension contributions is provided on TELA’s website at tela.fi.

Self-employment can also be a secondary occupation. Self-employment is a secondary occupation when the self-employed person repeatedly earns income from self-employment alongside earning an income through employment or pension. When self-employment is a secondary occupation, the self-employed person must have self-employed person’s pension insurance if their earned income under YEL is estimated to be at least above the minimum limit laid down in an act and they meet the act's criteria for a self-employed person.

If a self-employed person continues to run a business after retirement on old-age pension, they are  not obligated to have YEL pension insurance. However, voluntary YEL pension insurance is also a possibility. If the self-employed person earns any income alongside retirement on old age pension, insurance must be taken out for the self-employment if the conditions of insuring are met.

The payer enters 'Pension insurance for the self-employed (YEL)' as the pension insurance data on the Incomes Register's earnings payment report.

3.4 Farmers' pensions act (MYEL)

Insurance under the farmers' pensions act (maatalousyrittäjän eläkelaki (MYEL) 1280/2006) is the earnings-related pension insurance for farmers, forest owners, fishers and reindeer breeders, and their family members. Recipients of subsidies are also insured under MYEL. The earnings-related pension insurances of Finnish farmers under MYEL are handled by the Farmers' Social Insurance Institution Mela.

When the company pays wages to an employee who is insured under the farmers' pensions act, the 'Pension insurance for farmers (MYEL)' is entered as the pension insurance data on the Incomes Register's earnings payment report. At this stage, the payer of wages does not collect any social insurance contributions from the pay. The pension insurance for farmers is obtained from Mela. In most cases, the insurance concerns the farmer's family member. If a farmer's estate or farm partnership pays wages to a shareholder insured under MYEL, the same reporting process applies to the pay.

More information on the insurance obligations of farmers is available on Mela's website at mela.fi.

Specific requirements for reporting MYEL and YEL wages

The MYEL and YEL income from work confirmed by the insurance company is the income on which pension insurance and health insurance contributions are based, and replaces the wages received by the self-employed person in determining the health insurance contribution. The pension provider reports the amounts of confirmed MYEL and YEL income to the Tax Administration on a separate report.

If wages are paid to a self-employed person insured under MYEL or YEL, the wages must be reported to the Incomes Register for the Tax Administration's use. However, the wages paid are not used for any other social insurance purposes than as the grounds for the employer's health insurance contribution. If the performer of the work has taken out voluntary MYEL or YEL pension insurance, the employer’s health insurance contribution must be paid based on wages paid to the performer of the work starting from the entry into force of the voluntary MYEL or YEL insurance.

If MYEL wages are paid to the self-employed person's family members, the wages must be reported to the Incomes Register for the Tax Administration's use.

A private trader cannot pay himself/herself or his/her spouse any tax deductible wages. The operating result of business operations is not reported to the Incomes Register, but to the Tax Administration on a business tax return.

When the payer reports earnings payment data to the Incomes Register, it is important to use the 'MYEL' or 'YEL' information. If this information is not provided on the earnings payment report, double payments may be imposed by mistake.

3.5 Reporting retirement

When an employee retires, the payer must submit information about the retirement to the Incomes Register. The earnings-related pension provider obtains the information from the Incomes Register.

Enter the following in the earnings payment report:

• the start date and end date of the employment relationship
• the reason for the termination of employment according to the Incomes Register’s codes: 6 Retirement.

If the pension insurance provider is Keva or the Bank of Finland, also enter the following:

• the reason for the termination of employment according to the codes of Keva or the Bank of Finland
• grounds for employment registration
• occupational class and other occupation details.

Final pay

Final pay refers to what the employer owes an employee when their employment relationship ends. An employee’s final pay can include, for example, overtime bonuses, holiday pay and holiday bonuses, remuneration for leave not taken in exchange for longer working hours and other similar remunerations. An employee’s final pay also includes any work-related income earned from the terminated employment relationship retroactively, such as performance bonuses.

If you already know the amount of the employee’s final pay, enter the amount into the earnings payment report in which you notify the Incomes Register of the end of the employment relationship. If the employee’s final pay is to be split into multiple instalments, the information on the end of the employment relationship must be entered into every report that relates to the employee’s final pay.

Specify the income category for the employee’s final pay, such as Time-rate pay (201).

Earnings-related pension insurance contributions are also payable on employees’ final pay, so do not enter anything in the ‘Type of exception to insurance’ field in the earnings payment reporting template. However, if an employee’s final pay includes amounts on which earnings-related pension insurance contributions are not payable, enter the Type of insurance information ‘Subject to earnings-related pension insurance contribution: No’ in conjunction with these income types.

If the amount of final pay is not known

You can notify the Incomes Register of an employee’s retirement in an earnings payment report even if you do not yet know the amount of their final pay. Enter information about the termination of employment, but do not enter the payments made.

Once you know the amount of the employee’s final pay, you can submit a new earnings payment report to update the Incomes Register. Also enter information about retirement in conjunction with the final pay, including the start and end dates of the employment relationship, and select 6 Retirement as the reason for the termination of employment.

If an employee carries on working in retirement

An employee may continue working after they have retired and received their final pay. Any work carried out while in retirement is reported to the Incomes Register just like any other work, and it accumulates new pension for the employee.

Usually, the employee is also insured. Retiring self-employed individuals are an exception, and their YEL insurance will end unless they take up any voluntary insurance.

If an employee carries on working past the age at which the employer no longer needs to provide pension insurance

Employees can also carry on working past the age at which the employer no longer needs to provide pension insurance for them (68–70 years). Employees who carry on working past this age are not insured.

If no earnings-related pension insurance contributions are payable for an employee due to their age or if their earnings are below the threshold at which an employer must provide pension insurance, enter No obligation to provide insurance (earnings-related pension insurance) in the Type of exception to insurance field in the earnings payment reporting template. No earnings-related pension insurance information, such as the earnings-related pension provider code or the policy number, need be entered for such employees.

4 Reporting of accident and occupational disease insurance details

The employer must take out accident and occupational disease insurance for those employees who are employed by the employer in a contractual employment relationship, a public-service employment relationship, or another type of legal relationship between an employer and employee, as defined by law. The term 'employment relationship' means the type of employment relationship referred to in the Employment Contracts Act. The insurance must be taken out in advance so that the insurance is valid at the time when the employee starts the job.

The employer must take out the accident and occupational disease insurance if the total amount of earnings from work paid to all employees during the calendar year exceeds EUR 1,400 (in 2023). The limit is indexed annually and adjusted accordingly by rounding to the nearest hundred euros.

The limit applies to all payments made by the employer. All earnings from work during the calendar year paid, or agreed to be paid by the employer to employees who are in an employment relationship with the employer, must be added together. The time of payment is irrelevant.

The employer pays the insurance contribution according to the pension provider's invoices and the payment is not reported to the Incomes Register.

Unlike with health, pension, and unemployment insurance, accident and occupational disease insurance does not have any age limits and no earnings limits have been set for individual employees.

The obligation to take out accident and occupational disease insurance also applies to executive-level working shareholders if their ownership percentage does not exceed the limits referred to in an act. The limits concerning employment relationships and self-employment are set in the same manner as the limits concerning earnings-related pension insurance contributions for employees and self-employed persons (see Section 3.3). The insurance obligation also applies to the shareholder's family members who work in the company under an employment relationship.

A self-employed person's family member who works for the self-employed person in the type of employment relationship referred to in the Employment Contracts Act is covered by the company's accident and occupational disease insurance if the amount of wages paid by the company exceeds the threshold set for insuring.

The spouse or common-law partner of an entrepreneur acting as a self-employed person (private trader) is not considered to be in an employment relationship as referred to in the Employment Contracts Act, and the spouse is not covered by the company’s accident and occupational disease insurance. Regardless of the remuneration, the characteristic feature of an employment relationship, working for another, is not present, because the spouses share a common sphere of wealth. The work is deemed to be performed for the common good of the family. When a self-employed person pays wages to their spouse, the Type of exception to insurance "No obligation to provide insurance (accident and occupational disease insurance)" is specified on the earnings payment report.

Self-employed persons subject to taking out YEL insurance do not have to take out accident and occupational disease insurance. If the self-employed person has mandatory or voluntary YEL pension insurance, they can voluntarily take out insurance for accidents and occupational diseases arising from self-employment referred to in the Workers’ Compensation Act (self-employed persons’ voluntary insurance for working time). Even if the self-employed person had voluntary accident and occupational disease insurance, the ‘No obligation to provide insurance (accident and occupational disease insurance)’ type of exception to insurance must still be specified on the earnings payment report.

The accident and occupational disease insurance for farmers, fishermen, and reindeer breeders, as well as recipients of subsidies, are handled via the Farmers' Social Insurance Institution Mela. The farmers' accident and occupational disease insurance (MATA) is automatically valid alongside the mandatory MYEL pension insurance. If the person is not obliged to have insurance under MYEL, they nevertheless have the option of taking out MATA insurance via Mela.

Insurance company identifier and insurance policy number

The occupational accident insurance company identifier (Business ID) and insurance policy number of the earnings-related pension provider must be entered in the earnings payment report, if the payer has taken out more than one accident and occupational disease insurance policy for the employees. In other situations, the insurance company identifier (Business ID) and insurance policy number are voluntarily submitted details. Accident and occupational disease insurance taken out by the employer is considered to cover all of the employer’s employees unless some other insurance has been taken out for a specific part or activity of the company.

Accident insurance providers especially require data on occupational classes. Read more about the reporting of occupational classes in instructions Reporting data to the Incomes Register: employment relationship data.

5 Reporting of unemployment insurance details

The employee's and employer's unemployment insurance contributions are determined on the basis of the wages subject to unemployment insurance contribution. The unemployment insurance contributions are primarily used to finance earnings-related unemployment benefits.

The employer pays the Employment Fund a total amount which includes both the employer's unemployment insurance contribution and the employee's unemployment insurance contribution. Of these, only the employee's share is reported to the Incomes Register as an item that is deductible from pay (a separately reported income type 414). The employer's contributions are calculated based on the reported income types.

The employer is obligated to pay the unemployment insurance contribution if the total amount of wages paid to the employees during the calendar year exceeds EUR 1,500 (in 2024). The limit is indexed annually and adjusted accordingly by rounding to the nearest hundred euros. Irrespective of the payment obligation arising only after the amount of wages exceeds EUR 1,500 (in 2024), each contribution paid must be entered in the earnings payment report as payments made under the unemployment insurance contribution obligation if the other criteria for the payment obligation are met.

The limit applies to all wages that the employer has paid during the calendar year, which are subject to unemployment insurance contribution.

The employer must always withhold the employee's unemployment insurance contribution from the pay of an employee who is obligated to pay the contribution even if the total sum of wages is less than EUR 1,500. In such a case, the employer keeps the unemployment insurance contribution collected from the employee but the employee gets to deduct the contribution for tax purposes.

Unemployment insurance contributions are paid for employees who have turned 18 years of age. The payment obligation starts at the beginning of the month following the month of the birthday.

• On 1 August 2022, the lower age limit for the unemployment insurance contribution obligation was raised to 18 years. The age limit was 17 years until 31 July 2022. The payment date determines which age limit applies. For wages paid from 1 August 2022, the lower age limit is 18 years. For wages paid on or before 31 July 2022, the lower age limit is 17 years.

After the change that comes into effect in the beginning of 2020, the upper age limit of the obligation will vary.

• Persons born before the year 1965: unemployment insurance contributions are not paid after the calendar month during which the person turned 65 years of age.
• Persons born in 1965 and later: unemployment insurance contributions are not paid after the calendar month during which the person reaches the lowest old-age pension age referred to in the Employee's Pension Act.

The payer does not withhold the employee's unemployment insurance contribution if the income earner is

• a self-employed person (self-employed persons' pension act, section 3)
• a farmer or a farmer’s family member (farmers' pensions act, sections 3–5)
• less than 18 years old (payment obligation starts at the beginning of the month following the month of the birthday)
• born before the year 1965 and 65 years or older or born in 1965 or later and reached the lowest old-age pension age (payment obligation ends at the beginning of the month following the month of the birthday).

The obligation to pay unemployment insurance contributions is reviewed separately for each employment or public-service employment relationship. If a self-employed person, farmer or farmer's family member is employed by someone else alongside the business operations carried out as an entrepreneur, the payment obligation applies to the wages earned from that work.

Partial owners

Partial owners of a company pay a lower employee's unemployment insurance contribution than employees. The concept of 'partial owner' is defined in the unemployment security act (työttömyysturvalaki 1290/2002).

Whether a person is a partial owner or an employee is affected by the ownership share, voting power and other control of the person and their family members, as well as the person's position in the company. More information on partial ownership is available at www.tyollisyysrahasto.fi/en/

The data on partial ownership is reported to the Incomes Register under the 'Type of additional income earner data: Partial owner'.

6 Exceptions to insurance

If the income earner is not subject to Finnish social security or the payer is not obligated to insure the income earner, the situation qualifies as an exception to insurance. The Type of exception to insurance always applies to the entire earnings payment report. This information cannot be reported for an individual income type in the same way as the Types of insurance information described in Section 1.3 can.

The following are examples of exceptions to insurance:

• No obligation to provide insurance (earnings-related pension, health, unemployment or accident and occupational disease insurance)
• No obligation to provide insurance (earnings-related pension insurance)
• No obligation to provide insurance (accident and occupational disease insurance)
• No obligation to provide insurance (unemployment insurance)
• No obligation to provide insurance (health insurance)
• Not subject to Finnish social security (earnings-related pension, health, unemployment or accident and occupational disease insurance)
• Not subject to Finnish social security (earnings-related pension insurance)
• Not subject to Finnish social security (accident and occupational disease insurance)
• Not subject to Finnish social security (unemployment insurance)
• Not subject to Finnish social security (health insurance)
• Voluntary insurance in Finland (earnings-related pension insurance)

The Type of exception to insurance data concerns the entire earnings payment report. This means that if a 'Not subject to Finnish social security' entry or a 'No obligation to provide insurance' entry has been included in the report, none of the income types in the report are subject to the social insurance contribution which the Type of exception to insurance concerns. Furthermore, this means that if the insurance information changes during a pay period, two separate reports must be submitted for the income earner. This has to be done if, for example, the income earner was not subject to Finnish social security at the beginning of the pay period, but becomes insured in Finland in the middle of the pay period. In such a case, the payer must submit two separate reports, providing data on the income with regard to which the income earner was not insured in Finland, and on the income paid to the income earner while they were insured in Finland.

If no Type of exception to insurance data is provided, the income earner is deemed to be insured in Finland, and the income paid to them is, as a rule, subject to social insurance contributions.

6.1 Income earner is not subject to Finnish social security

Social insurance contributions are not paid in Finland if the income earner is not subject to Finnish social security. Different social insurance contributions may be covered by different rules on who is subject to Finnish social security. If the income earner is not subject to Finnish social security, the payer reports the data on different insurances.

If the person is not subject to Finnish social security with regard to any social insurance, the payer must use the 'Not subject to Finnish social security (earnings-related pension, health, unemployment or accident and occupational disease insurance)' data.

For example, an income earner working in Finland is not subject to Finnish social security if

• the income earner is covered by another country's legislation under the EU provisions on social security and the income earner has an A1 certificate
• the income earner is covered by another country’s legislation based on a social security agreement and they have a certificate on the applicable provisions.

In certain situations, an income earner working abroad may be subject to Finnish social security if, for example, they have an A1 certificate issued by the Finnish Centre for Pensions.

These types of situations are described in more detail in the instruction Reporting data to the Incomes Register: international situations.

6.2 No obligation to provide insurance

In certain situations, the payer is not obligated to insure the income earner, for example, due to the threshold for insuring (in euros), the income earner's age or the income earner being self-employed. In these situations, the payer reports the information 'No obligation to provide insurance' in the income earner's earnings payment report. The payer can use this information to itemise the social insurance contributions for which there is no obligation to provide insurance.

For example, if the income earner is not subject to earnings-related pension insurance due to their age or their income falls below the threshold for the obligation to provide insurance (earnings-related pension insurance), the payer must enter this in the report by using the Type of exception to insurance ‘No obligation to provide insurance (earnings-related pension insurance)’.

In such a case, the following information is not submitted on the report:

• earnings-related pension insurance information
• earnings-related pension provider code
• pension policy number.

The government as an employer must report the data 'No obligation to provide insurance (accident and occupational disease insurance)'. The accident and occupational disease insurances for state-employed personnel are handled by the State Treasury.

If an employer has taken out mandatory accident and occupational disease insurance for its employees, even if they are not obligated to do so due to the annual level set for wages, the insurance exception type ‘No obligation to provide insurance (accident and occupational disease insurance)’ cannot be selected. If the employer has selected the Type of exception to insurance ‘No obligation to provide insurance (accident and occupational disease insurance)’, unlike what is provided in these instructions, the data is corrected by cancelling the previously submitted report and then submitting a new report without the Type of exception to insurance. It is important that this data is corrected so that the insurance company obtains the additional data it needs to determine insurance premiums and any compensation for loss of earnings in conjunction with a loss. For more information, see Section 6.3 in the instructions Correcting data in the Incomes Register.

Even if the payment made falls below the threshold set for the obligation to insure, the payment must be entered as covered by unemployment insurance contribution obligation if the other conditions of the payment obligation are met. The Employment Fund determines an unemployment insurance contribution when the limit set for wages paid is exceeded. This exception only applies to unemployment insurance. For example, the ‘No obligation to provide insurance’ data must be reported normally for income falling below the earnings-related pension insurance limit.

If the conditions affecting the insurance obligation later change, for example If the income paid during the month later exceeds the threshold, the payer must cancel the report they submitted and delete the 'No obligation to provide insurance' data. After this, the payer must submit a new report with the correct information. If corrections need to be made to several reports, each submitted report must be cancelled after which a new report must be submitted for each of the reports individually. In addition to the corrections, the submitter must enter the earnings-related pension insurance information in the new report, including the pension policy number. We do not recommend cancelling the data before the new report has been submitted. The recommendation is that the cancellation of the previous report and the submitting of the new report be made on the same day.

If the person is not subject to YEL pension insurance due to their business operations carried out as an entrepreneur being very small-scale operations, the information 'No obligation to provide insurance' is reported, and no earnings-related pension insurance details need to be given. Additionally, the additional income earner detail "Self-employed person, no obligation to take out YEL or MYEL insurance" is submitted on the report.

6.3 Voluntary provision of insurance in Finland

Even if the income earner is not subject to Finnish social security or the employer has no obligation to provide insurance for the income earner, the employer may take out voluntary earnings-related pension insurance for the income earner. In this situation, the voluntary insurance taken out separately for the person in question is reported with the information 'Voluntary insurance in Finland (earnings-related pension insurance)' under Type of exception to insurance.

If the insurance has been taken out by the employer voluntarily, the earnings-related pension provider code and the pension policy number must be entered in the report. The ‘Voluntary insurance in Finland’ information applies to the insurance of an employee working abroad.